Natural Hazards And Disasters 4th Edition by Donald Hyndman – Test Bank

Natural Hazards And Disasters 4th Edition by Donald Hyndman – Test Bank

Chapter 5

TSUNAMI

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. What are two main causes of tsunami?

1. volcano flank collapse and sudden degassing of the mantle from a mid-oceanic ridge
2. sudden changes in ocean-floor lithosphere velocity and major rockfall into the ocean
3. asteroid impact into the ocean and collapse of a mid-oceanic ridge
4. subduction-zone earthquakes and transform-fault earthquakes
5. subduction-zone earthquakes and landslide into the ocean

ANSWER: e

1. Which of the following submarine faults CANNOT cause tsunami waves?

1. strike-slip faults
2. normal faults
3. subduction-zone faults
4. thrust faults
5. breakaway faults of major landslides

ANSWER: a

1. As it enters a bay, the height of a tsunami wave:

1. rises because more water from each wave is forced into less space.
2. rises primarily because the bay narrows.
3. rises because of thermal expansion in the warm water of the bay.
4. drops because the wave must spread out and slow as it approaches the shore.
5. drops because as the wave breaks it rushes ahead as a fast-moving swash.

ANSWER: a

1. What is the average speed of tsunami waves in the deep ocean? 

1. 8-9 km/hour
2. 80-90 km/hour
3. 800-900 km/hour
4. the speed of an Olympic sprinter
5. the speed of light

ANSWER: c

5.Tsunami waves nearing the open coast:

1. slow down because they don’t want to hit the coast too fast.
2. speed up because they finally begin to feel bottom.
3. slow down because they drag more on the shallower bottom than in the deep ocean.
4. speed up because the shallower water forces the leading edge to squirt out ahead.
5. speed up because the wave launches forward as it breaks.

ANSWER: c

1. Although the Atlantic coast of North America experiences few large earthquakes, what specific other event could generate a large tsunami wave that could cause catastrophic damage there?

1. a giant subduction-zone earthquake near the coast of Africa
2. a giant subduction-zone earthquake along the eastern edge of North America
3. a giant transform-fault earthquake on the Atlantic Ocean floor
4. flank collapse of a volcano in the Canary Islands
5. flank collapse of Mt. Vesuvius

ANSWER: d

1. Why do ships in the open ocean NOT notice passage of a tsunami wave?

1. The wave goes by so fast that it is gone before anyone notices.
2. The long time between wave crests dictates that the wave flanks have almost no slope.
3. Ships are carried on the crest of the wave, so they don’t feel any up or down motion.
4. Although the wave crests are several hundred meters high, the time between them is several hours, so no one notices.
5. The wave hits the ship so hard and fast that no one survives to tell about it.

ANSWER: b

1. What type of event has repeatedly generated very high tsunami waves in coastal fjords of southeastern Alaska?

1. a large rockfall into the fjord
2. a giant subduction-zone earthquake
3. a massive stratovolcano eruption
4. an undersea landslide caused by liquefaction of beach sediments
5. the toe of a fast-moving glacier suddenly surging forward

ANSWER: a

9.How are tsunami waves in the Atlantic Ocean likely to be generated?

1. by sudden rise of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
2. by collapse of the flank of an oceanic island volcano
3. by a huge iceberg suddenly grounding on the coast of Newfoundland
4. a subduction-zone earthquake along the plate boundary just off eastern North America
5. a large-magnitude earthquake on a transform fault on the ocean floor

ANSWER: b

1. What is often the first indication of the arrival of a tsunami at the coast?

1. a giant 100-meter-high wave looming on the horizon
2. a sudden rise in sea level to a crest within about 20 seconds
3. a rapid drop in sea level
4. sea turtles running up the beach
5. people running down to the beach to see the action

ANSWER: c

1. What are the approximate wavelengths of tsunami waves?

1. 36 meters
2. 360 meters
3. 3.6 kilometer
4. 36 kilometers
5. 360 kilometers

ANSWER: e

1. What are the approximate times between tsunami wave crests?

1. 30 seconds to 1 minute
2. 1 to 3 minutes
3. 10 to 35 minutes
4. 2 to 3 hours
5. 10 to 12 hours

ANSWER: c